Is ADHAD Over-Diagnosed? Essay examples -- Diseases, Disorders

There has been a progressing banter about whether the psychological issue ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is over-analyzed. ADHD is usually analyzed in individuals, all the more explicitly youngsters, who come up short on the capacity to focus, are frequently troublesome, are hyperactive, and rash. A clinical staff or an analyst analyze the kids utilizing a rundown of measures. It is just as of late that specialists have started investigating better and increasingly viable approaches to determination patients utilizing cerebrum filters. It is a direct result of this, that ADHD is over-analyzed for a few reasons: the various characters that kids can display; guardians not accepting obligation as guardians; and the absence of appropriate approaches to distinguish ADHD. Every youngster is explicitly one of a kind in their own specific manner. Subsequently, every youngster learns and acts in an unexpected way. At the point when a youngster is hyperactive or doesn't focus, guardians are frequently stressed that their kid may have ADHD. In any case, that kid might be a profoundly dynamic kid naturally and needing exercise and an approach to consume of the entirety of that vitality. Furthermore, different examination has been done on the impacts of the child’s age after entering the study hall. To investigate the impact age might have on youngsters, an examination was done in British Columbia that concentrated on 930,000 kids between the ages of 6 to 12, from the years 1997 to 2008. They found that those conceived in December, commonly the absolute most youthful in the class, â€Å"were 30 percent bound to be analyzed and 41 percent bound to be treated with ADHD drug that young men conceived in January† (Dotinga). The examination likewise indicated comparative outcomes for young ladies. In spite of the fact that, the article asserts that the discoveries, â€Å"†¦don’t demonstrate conclusively that any children are... ...ot. Works Cited A lack of ability to concentrate consistently Disorder. - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment by Medicalook. Medicalook. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. Dotinga, Randy. Most youthful Kids in Class More Apt to Get ADHD Diagnosis: Study. HealthDay Consumer News Service 05 Mar. 2012: Consumer Health Complete - EBSCOhost. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. Kanarek, Robin B. Fake Food Dyes And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Nourishment Reviews 69.7 (2011): 385-391. Shopper Health Complete - EBSCOhost. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. Kirkpatrick, LaVonne. ADHD Treatment And Medication: What Do You Need To Know As An Educator?. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin 72.1 (2005): 19-29. Instruction Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 26 Mar. 2012. Peacock, Judith. Section Three: How Is ADHD Diagnosed?. ADD and ADHD. 19. Capstone Press, 2002. Shopper Health Complete - EBSCOhost. Web. 26 Mar. 2012.

A public policy research paper on contemporary issues Free Essays

A contemporary issue is one which is particularly current in style, one which is current, progressing, present or present-day in nature. An approach then again as indicated by the setting of contemporary is a program of activities embraced by individual, government, the arrangement of standards which oversee the program. In the advanced occasions in the USA, when the issue of contemporary issue is discussed, the psyche is consequently highlighted the indecencies in the general public, those activities or propensities which are vexing and considered as socially unsatisfactory by socialized individuals. We will compose a custom paper test on An open approach research paper on contemporary issues or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Reason, reasonability and sound judgment will feature these issues which are in truth exceptionally wild and common in the general public today. At the point when such a discussion is founded, that is â€Å"public strategy on contemporary issues†, a few issues must be simultaneously held in the brain for a viable and proficient result to be acquired. Having replied by definition our key terms, the following inquiry that we should ourselves is the manifestations that a contemporary issue existsâ and whether it is hostile to cultural codes, whatâ its causes are, the analysis availableâ and the arrangements that are lesâ costly yet successful which can be executed inside a brief timeframe to handle the issue. I need to take the issues of medication misuse, tranquilize dealing and assembling. Colombia is a scandalous nation notable for its cocoa. This plant which is utilized to deliver cocaine has in actuality prompted a genuine medication misuse issue in the general public in light of the fact that both the youthful, the old even youngsters seen to accept it as the thing to get done. Medications are the underlying foundations of all shades of malice submitted in the general public, they hamper upstanding thinking and rather than the psyche assuming responsibility for the body, in reality the body takes control. Medications have many negative consequences for clients extending from hopeless minor infections to changeless mental hindrance. It is drugs as indicated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the Unites States that add to significant violations in the USA. Coming up next are a portion of those contemporary issues engendered by drugs: Robbery burglary Robbery Engine vehicle robbery Theft Persuasive assault Murder Kidnappings Abusive behavior at home Sorted out violations School drop out Prostitution E. G. White in her book Christian Health is wistful and impartial about what number of individuals have enjoyed sedate maltreatment as though it is the typical request of things. She says; â€Å"Many Christians have accepted the utilization of medications as insignificant, they can't anyway experience their day by day tasks without a portion of these medications yet they don’t see the earnestness of their concern. They can't think all alone, that substance has dulled their faculties and they are left as wrecks in this indulgence†. I am going to take this subject more from a Christian viewpoint since Colombia is Christian state with over 96% of its populace being Roman Catholics. In 1980, the measure of cocaine traded added up to a large portion of the all out fare of Colombia. Perceive how genuine the issue is. The New York Times in its section on the stunning facts detailed this as a world miracle. In what capacity can an unlawful substance, for example, this be sent out to such a greatness yet there is an administration to control it? The inquiry was the place was the administration when this occurred? The most effective method to refer to An open arrangement research paper on contemporary issues, Essays

Let’s analyze the gaming console industry Essay Example for Free

Let’s break down the gaming console industry Essay We can characterize two sorts of provider: the equipment provider and the product provider. The equipment providers giving the components expected to assemble the consoles have a low dealing power on the grounds that there have extremely low exchanging expenses and there are a great deal of them. Then again, the product providers (designers) have a high bartering power since they pick and set the conditions to work with each comfort. Passage Barriers Entry hindrances are high a direct result of high RD costs and the high capital venture expected to begin a business in the reassure business. Interior Rivalry There is high inner contention among contenders in light of the fact that the center player advertise is developing gradually, contenders have high leave boundaries and the items created turn obsoletes in under 5 years because of the quick advancement of innovation. The players in the business are: Sony, XBOX and Nintendo. Purchaser Power The haggling intensity of purchasers is high in light of the fact that there are numerous choices with low exchanging costs. Substitutes Low substitute force since they are not fundamentally the same as (like TV or other amusement gadget) and don’t satisfy the equivalent definite reason. Sony has hardly any contenders because of high boundaries to-section and startup costs yet purchasers and providers (game designers) have high bartering force and low exchanging costs. Sony should focus on another market as Nintendo did. We could consider this market the easygoing players advertise. So as to get in this new fragment, Sony should build up a progressively intuitive method of utilizing their reassure without dropping the various highlights to abstain from losing their center player piece of the pie. The key of achievement for Sony is to adjust another innovation, for example, Nintendo did with Wii that will empower the organization to focus on a more extensive market and not just the guys from 16-36 years of age. The upside of entering those two markets with one comfort is that Sony will enter a greater market with greater returns and thus greater economies of scales. Likewise, entering the easygoing player advertise is significant for the organization to abstain from falling behind its rivals in the two markets since this new portion will improve the brand presentation and acknowledgment. The hazard related to this alternative is to turn this high performing console in a low performing console (as Nintendo did) and lose the center players clients that are imperative to Sony monetary dependability and development. A major test for this new support will be to reduce expenses so as to make it progressively open to clients, since the easygoing players market will be â€Å"guided† by cost. Opposite the Five Forces, if Sony somehow managed to seek after this alternative, the organization will contend in the center player advertise and on the easygoing player showcase. On the easygoing player advertise the substitutes will have more force. Sony will contend with different exercises, for example, sitting in front of the TV, viewing a film and others lounge exercises. The fundamental â€Å"purpose† of this market is diversion by and large while the center player showcase is tied in with playing computer games. Update: Sony and Microsoft had just executed progressed intuitive innovations. These days, Microsoft has the most progressive programming and equipment that don’t need controllers any longer, simply your body.

Nostradamus and his Quatrains Free Essays

Michel Nostradamus was a sixteenth century French doctor and crystal gazer who had the figure of a prophet as saw by his pupils. In any case, Nostradamus’ expectations were generally jumbled and cloud previously supposed anticipated occasion yet perfectly clear after the occasion had happened. He composed four-line refrains that were especially good for nothing until an occasion had happened; consequently, the stanza of expectation was considered as â€Å"shoehorned† into a prescience, which can be now and then delegated retroprophecy of his quatrains or four sections forecasts. We will compose a custom exposition test on Nostradamus and his Quatrains or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Thus, inside this investigation, the conversation plans to interface the ideas of quatrains with Nostradamus’ forecasts. Michel de Nostredame, conceived in December 14, 1503 and kicked the bucket in July 2, 1566, had been considered as one of the legendary diviners of prophetic fields. Nostradamus had been his mainstream name all through ages, and with this, the subject of predictions joins with his name. The French purported â€Å"prophet† by his supporters was altogether known for his beautiful quatrains that delineate a type of backhanded and indistinct forecasts. Notwithstanding, the enchantment of his announcement just happens directly after its event. The vast majority of his predictions spun in world state issues yet attempt to disguise their implications with the artistic route in Nostradamus compositions. Conversation Review on the Concept of Quatrains From the verifiable point of view, Nostradamus’ quatrains had been distributed in 1555, which he entitled Centuries. His book contained his dreams and every one of his expectations about the eventual fate of the world. Nostradamus had the option to conceptualize 10 parts of the book with 100 quatrains present each aside from section 7, which just contained 42 quatrains. Moreover, the quatrains of Nostradamus didn't show any indications of time or date; subsequently, the real translations of these expectations got unclear and by one way or another artistic cut off. The quatrains in his book had this confused characters and the courses of action of its significance took quite a while before being sorted out. Most clearly, Nostradamus utilized the scholarly graceful style of four-lines in a stanza or known as Quatrains. The most obvious quality of his announcements was the outright utilization of hyperbole that made it difficult for the peruser to decipher the expectations at first; be that as it may, these announcements some way or another mysteriously uncovered their importance directly after the occasion had passed. The quatrains of Nostradamus, as indicated by the book of Cannon (1992), contained dark and remote words wherein underneath had seriously unexplainable translations (4). Albeit some can be deciphered, the majority of Nostradamus quatrains had utilized the unclear characters of the announcements so as to disguise their actual importance for some time. Gun (1992) included that a large portion of Nostradamus’ articulations had not been deciphered in agreeable way up until this point (4). Nostradamus’ quatrains were unclear to the point that they could have applied to numerous potential occasions, or imageries that could be tangled with numerous potential translations. Nostradamus had the option to cunningly mask the significance behind his quatrains so as to befuddle those endeavoring to decipher the predictions before their satisfaction. As upheld by Oliver (2004), Nostradamus’ quatrains were transcribed in Old French, which could be hard to interpret (11). Through these astute scholarly camouflages, Nostradamus had the option to shroud the expectations preceding its event; thus, sparing the world from getting ready before shocking occasions or future world calamities. Out of in excess of 900 predictions of Nostradamus, none of them contained date, which further entangled the understandings of these quatrains. In any case, regardless of the unclear characters and contemplations of Nostradamus’ quatrains, he had utilized a few examples that could be utilized as aides in understanding his quatrains. Albeit, a large portion of the cutting edge onlookers and perusers didn't considered the utilizations of Nostradamus’ forecasts towards the all around happening occasions.  As for the travelers of Nostradamus’ expectations, they had considered the quatrains of Nostradamus’ as forecasts of things to come; be that as it may, from the term itself, an expectation should clench hand be handed-off and deciphered before the event of the occasions. With the proposed contention of Diamond (2004), after the President Kennedy was shot, everybody got on board with the Nostradamus quatrain temporary fad and said that through his quatrain, he had plainly anticipated the Kennedy shooting. Be that as it may, this isn't anticipating since foreseeing implies effectively calling a situation preceding its event instead of utilizing post-hoc thinking to clarify something (161). From his supporting proclamation, the expectations of Nostradamus and the dubiousness of his quatrains had by one way or another started the idea of retroprophecy or the noteworthy of truth to his prescience simply after its event. Regardless of different pundits on Nostradamus’ quatrains and forecasts it considered, a portion of these were remarkably and obviously exact. As indicated by Goldberg (1999), the style of forecasts made by Nostradamus could possibly be purposefully being hidden for future presumptions of translators (218). The retrograde attributes of Nostradamus’ prescience can't be totally considered as because of his goal of concealing it to the perusers, since he had conceptualized this during his time and conceivably without the information on the changing French language. Nonetheless, contentions would ascend from this explanation, since Nostradamus didn't just utilize Old French language to cover his prescience yet in addition his metaphorical method of communicating his forecasts. Contentions on whether to consider the legitimacy of Nostradamus’ expectations excited in light of the retrograde attributes of his forecasts. Then again, the secret of these quatrains was increasingly comprehended in connection with American culture and, as against to the early interpretations, the European culture. As the twentieth century entered in, a portion of the forecasts of Nostradamus recovered its lucidity and application not with the European culture, yet regularly to the United States (for example September 11, 2001 besieging, and so on.). As upheld by McClaine (2000), Nostradamus had referenced the introduction of various personages who were brought into the world after his passing and the ascent of countries that were obscure or inconceivably contemptibly in his day (20). Nostradamus’ forecasts may even confronted this character of uncovering itself directly after the situation happened; notwithstanding, his quatrains had some way or another extensively anticipated the vast majority of the occasions happening inside the worldwide setting, most particularly with the American culture; subsequently, the quatrains of Nostradamus provided critical methods for concealing its importance and further uncovering it directly after satisfaction. Nostradamus and his Predictions A significant number of Nostradamus’ perusers had since quite a while ago endeavored to interpret the predictions in his announcements. Sadly, even the first interpretations were not as precise as it appears, thus far, no critical changes in the interpretations had been made. Including into the complexities of Nostradamus’ quatrains, the Old French implications possessed been adjusted by energy throughout the previous 400 years; thus, the greater part of the words can never again be applied to the interpretations of present day French.  Two focuses were basic to his expectations, which were the nearness of purposeful anecdote and profound artistic mask. As indicated by Ned (1999), the expectations of Nostradamus used codes, examples and prophets that had been covered in references to the past and shaped in to rhyme of refrains (8). Nostradamus basically recorded the predictions that showed up to his reasoning; be that as it may, he had the option to report it appropriately moving forward without any more giving examples by means of spot, time, or occasions. From the perplexing significance and various potential translations from Nostradamus’ forecasts, it ought to have been simpler if Nostradamus’ demonstrated the dates of his expectations; be that as it may, as bolstered by Halley (1999), Nostradamus himself didn't consider setting it for valid justifications (8). In general, the vocabularies that Nostradamus utilized inside his expectations were roughly 8,000 words; be that as it may, a portion of these, in spite of comparative methods, were utilized in diversely in a poetical structure. As bolstered by Thurston (2004), a portion of the forecasts in his quatrains appear to be unarguable exact, and especially satisfied in his own general public and time (39). Be that as it may, just not many of Nostradamus quatrains would have noteworthy linkage to verifiable occasions. The feeling of vagueness mystery despite everything administered the variety of implications in his foreseeing quatrains. A portion of the doubters would consider the expectations of Nostradamus by either dangerous or fundamentally obvious. In the feeling of being risky, Thurston (2004) contended that a portion of the articles in Nostradamus’ forecasts were difficult to have been conceptualized or even gotten a handle on (for example airplane vessels, weapons, sky-scratch structures, and so forth.) 400 years before its genuine event (39). Then again, a similar explanation could be applied to legitimize Nostradamus’ reasonable expectations since there were no potential way to get a handle on these thoughts with the exception of honestly observing them through forecasts (Desrosiers 46). For translations, a few investigates in this examination would protect the nearness of example in Nostradamus’ expectations; in any case, Welch (2000), contended that Nostradamus’ accentuations were fiercely unpredictable, evidently adhering to no specific guideline or example (7). There were no examples utilized in any of Nostradamus expectations so as to encourage the noteworthy of his quatrains message simply after the event of the episode. In some point of view, Popkin (1992) gave the announcement

Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut Essay -- Harrison Bergeron Essays

Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut â€Å"The story is a parody, a spoof of an ideological society separated from good judgment reality† (Townsend). As Townsend expressed Kurt Vonnegut makes a parody about society in his anecdotal short story Harrison Bergeron, which in their general public there has been endeavor of congruity through the impediment of the individuals, the comparability to a dictator government, and the innovation, while the individuals will in the long run survive. The Kind if government authority seen the two emulates and ridicules the manner in which Americans came to see the foe (the Soviet Union) during the Cold War, which was close to its tallness of doubt and dread in the late 1950’s and mid 1960’s.      As an endeavor to improve the economy Karl Marx a logician concocted the way of thinking of Communism. A socialist government plans and controls the economy, additionally has a dictator that has absolute control. Frequently the dictator guarantees that he will advance toward a higher social request in which the individuals similarly share all merchandise. In spite of the fact that, the residents in Harrison Bergeron similarly â€Å"equal each which way† in the economy in any case, they are additionally â€Å"equal each which way† in physical qualities (Vonnegut). In which the individuals realize that they are inconsistent and that is the reason they have the debilitations. An impediment as expressed in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, in a â€Å"race or challenge [an] counterfeit favorable position is given or burden forced on a [person] to balance odds of winning† (Me...

The Innovation Process Definition, Models, Tips

The Innovation Process Definition, Models, Tips Innovation refers to the introduction of a new good or a new quality of a good, method of production, market, source of supply, and/or organization in an industry. It also refers to improving on an existing concept or idea using a step-wise process to create a commercially viable product.Innovation is stereotypically viewed to be the wheelhouse of small and start-up companies since they tend to be very dynamic, but as we shall see, it is also a vital and viable aspect in big companies.The most fulfilling thing about an innovation is being able to actualize an idea into a successful concept. To do this, you need to go through a long and complex process. For you to succeed you must understand the process well and must have the support needed; this is what differentiates a successful innovation process from an unsuccessful innovation process.As a businessman, how does innovation relate to you? Do all businesses need to be innovative? Is there a process that is followed to come up with a n innovation? © Shutterstock.com | rasscoIt is very understandable for you to ask yourself these questions. To help you understand the innovation process, I will inform you why you need innovation, explain the risks associated with it, give a detailed procedure of the process, look at some models of innovation and then give you tips on how to carry out a successful innovation process.INNOVATION THE BASICSInnovation is a process of improving a product service from its current state. Already from the definition, you can tell that innovation is not limited to the size of business or the business venture you are dealing with.Hence, innovation is open for everyone in business. Innovation adds value to the services or goods that you provide and so you should seek to be innovative in your business. Let me show you some more advantages of embracing innovation in your business.What is the Importance of Innovation?Solving problems: Most ideas are actually derived from attempts to solve existing problems. As such, when you encourage innovation, you are opening doors for solutions to problems both within and outside your company. If your business provides services, you might realize that your customer do not have an avenue to share their opinions, complaints, and compliments. The only avenue available could be the physical office. So, to solve the problem, you could decide to operate a virtual office where customers’ needs can be attended to within a short time. The customers will be happy and as a result, your sales will go higher.Adapting to change: This is especially evident in the technological world where there are rapid changes defining the business. Change is inevitable and innovation is the method to not only keep your business afloat, but also ensure that it remains relevant and profitable. With the rise in mobile phones, traditional telephone had to find ways to remain relevant. Same case with your business, when you develop an innovation culture, you remain relevant at al l times.Maximizing on globalization: With markets all over the world becoming more interlinked, greater opportunities are emerging in these new markets and with that, new needs and challenges. For instance, China and India are estimated to be the leading markets, and Africa is predicted to be the next “hot spot”. Therefore, if your company hopes to tap into this market share, innovation is a must to enable you to capitalize on the opportunities opening up.Facing up the competition: The corporate world is always very competitive, and with many new companies coming up, the top position in the industry is no longer a reserve of a few. To retain or establish your company’s cutting edge, you can compete strategically by having a dynamic business that is able to make strategic and innovative moves and thus cut above the rest.Evolving workplace dynamics: The demographics in the work place are constantly changing. With the new generation that has entered the market place; new trends a re also coming up. Innovation is therefore critical to ensure the smooth running of the company.Customers’ changing tastes and preferences: The current customer has a great variety of products and services available to him and is well informed of his choices than before. The company must therefore keep itself abreast with these evolving tastes and also forge new ways of satisfying the customer.[slideshare id=53682634doc=strategicinnovation-slideshare-151008083724-lva1-app6891w=710h=400]Risks of the Innovation Process and how to overcome themThe innovation process is lauded for its many benefits that have defined the corporate and social cultural scene since the era of industrialization. However, it does not lack its set of challenges and risk as discussed below.Technological failure of the innovation The biggest risk any company takes in the innovation process is whether or not the new product or idea will work once it is launched in the real world or whether it remains to be a w hite elephant. To manage this risk, the company may carry out trials on a small scale to test its effectiveness. Once this is done and observations made on, the necessary adjustments may be made accordingly to avert any huge losses once the product is mass produced.Financial strain Often, the innovation process is faced with the challenge of draining out the company resources as returns are usually long-term as opposed to immediate. This may lead to abortion of the product or idea once it is perceived to be non-profitable. However, you should look at the projected returns and consider whether or not the innovation aligns with its long-term goals.Market failure For innovations which involve the introduction of new products or technology to the market, it is imperative that the product meets the needs, tastes and preferences of the consumers. Failure to do this would mean that demand would be low and therefore the innovation not viable commercially. To avoid this, you should underta ke extensive and in-depth market research before committing limited resources to its development and production.Redundancy With trends in the market constantly changing and many innovations emerging, it is possible that a profitable innovation today may be redundant in the near future. To counter this, there must be constant research on how to improve the existing systems and a keen observance of global trends and the factors influencing them in order to stay a step ahead.Lack of capacity for implementation This is especially a challenge for start-ups where they lack the structural and financial capacity to roll out the innovation. You then risk remaining a pipe dream. So, you may choose to look for partners who will assist in your area of lack and thus overcome the challenge. It is important that the partner also shares in the vision of the innovation to avoid conflicting interests in future.Organizational risks This refers to the risks that are faced in the structure and runnin g of the business once the innovation is introduced. For instance, the company may revert to focusing all resources and time towards innovation at the expense of its daily activities. Proper planning and allocation of resources has to be ensured by the leadership to ensure this does not happen.Unprecedented risks These are risks that would not have been foreseen and may be influenced by factors outside the company’s control. They may involve changes in policies or political instability whose ripple effect spills over hindering the effectiveness of the innovation. It is important for the business to keep a contingency plan to buffer it against such unseen events.[slideshare id=32665044doc=creax10misconceptionsoninnovation-140324090047-phpapp01w=710h=400]How innovative companies benefit from innovationsExperienceInnovative companies have the advantage of experience in innovating a product. Since they understand the process so well, they do not have to always go through many trial a nd errors. The fact that they have repeated the process several times sets them apart from other companies who do not have an innovative culture.CreativityInnovative companies attract innovative employees. Since the company maintains an innovative culture, the employees understand that they are responsible for innovations and implementation of new products. Moreover, every stage of the innovation process is characterized by a large number of experienced personnel who ensure that the process goes on smoothly.The experienced professionals ensure the conceptualization, design and implementation of the idea is completed. Besides, they make sure the product is desirable to customers.LeadershipAs a matter of fact, innovative companies are industry leaders. They are always ahead of the others in the market. Even if the others try to catch up, they cant. This is because they only copy what the industry leaders do.By the time they implement the idea fully, the innovative company already has a new product.  Therefore, innovative companies set the pace for the industry.Name recognitionCompanies with an innovation culture are known in their industry. Therefore, they do not have a huge budget on marketing and branding. As a fact, customers look forward to new products from the company. INNOVATION PROCESSThe innovation process is a structure strategy that ensures that the innovation team idealizes an innovation and runs with it until it is successfully implemented. However, the way you understand the innovation process greatly influences the way you establish it.In this section, we shall discus why it is good to use a structured innovation process. We shall also demystify the innovation process by explaining each step that needs to be followed until the innovation is implemented.We will so look at how your understanding of the process affects the outcome. Besides, I will also highlight some conditions that disrupt the innovation process.Why use a structure innovation proces s?Have you ever heard that quitters do not win and winners do not quit? A structured innovation model will help you face every challenge head on and to take the innovation seriously. It gives you a strategy of how to tackle every step along the way.Without a structure, the innovation process can seem complex, big and unachievable. However when you use structure, you simplify the process. Benefits of the structure include;Creates urgency: Innovations are never urgent in nature: they are thought of as something to be implemented in the long run. You can spend one year talking about an innovative idea and by the end of the year; you have nothing to show for it. This is because immediate matters arise every now and then and you keep postponing the implementation of an innovation. Initially, you do not need a lot of time to plan for the innovation. So, you can set apart an afternoon for an innovation meeting every week. With time, you will see some progress and the innovation will not in terrupt other processes. Besides, it will not be forgotten.Increases efficiency and effectiveness: All leading companies embrace innovation as their core culture. Innovation can be a one time or a continuous process. By relying on a structured innovation process, you increase your efficiency and the outcomes of your innovation are more likely to be adopted in the market. This separates you from other companies who do not take innovations seriously.Increases performance:  Since the innovation process follows a step by step model, it gives you an opportunity to improve on your weak areas. For example, if you are good at implementing  ideas but poor at analysis, then you have to make sure you improve on your analytical skills. Therefore, structure enables you to effectively apply all aspects of the process. As a result, the innovation process yields positive outcome for you.Incentives and rewards:  You need a team of participants to carry out a successful innovation process. Note that not all the ideas proposed will be successful; some will fail terribly. However, others will be successful. The employees taking part in the innovation process need to be appreciated for their efforts. Besides, they need to learn lessons from failed processes. A structure identifies failures and the mistakes that lead to the failure. Besides, it makes it easy to reward participants who perform exemplary well. The rewards and lessons learnt act as motivation tools for an innovation culture. Different understanding on innovation and their consequences on the innovation processIf the innovation process is viewed as a process where only specialists participate, then there will be very little involvement from all the employees. Some employees will keep off since they do not feel like they are specialists.Small companies view innovation as a process for the big companies only. This is because they conceptualize the innovation process as a complicated process which they lack the capacity to handle. Innovation can involve small and big changes so the small businesses miss out on market and technical opportunities which they could have enjoyed had they involved themselves in innovation. If you have a small business that produces books, you can add a section for dates at the top of every page. It will not cost you much but it will draw people to your books.Innovations that are entirely targeted miss out on opportunities for new customers. For example, supermarkets could give awards to people with the highest loyalty points to the end of the year. The incentive might not attract more customers if it is only focused on customers who acquired loyalty cards a month before the service was introduced. Customers who acquire the cards later will not feel valued. As a result, they might not feel compelled to acquire the cards.Another misunderstanding is looking at the innovation process as a linear process. A linear process relies on either technology or market trends as source s of innovation. As a result, a lot of money is spent on research and development and other sources of innovations are ignored. The customer, suppliers, public, and employees are ignored as sources of innovation. The innovation is therefore not a representation of the needs of the customers.Companies look at innovations as breakthroughs and fail to think about incremental innovation. A good example is what happened concerning electric light using the Edison design. The design of the bulb did not change for 16 years after it was created. When a product and process improvement took place, the price of the bulb was reduced by about 80%.Often times, the innovation process is looked at as an independent process separate from the other processes in the organization. This is not right as all processes in an organization work together to support each other. Besides, the other processes in the organization. This is not right as all process in an organization work together to support each oth er. Besides, some organizations look at the process of innovation differently from the product being produced. This is a misunderstanding as the process and product relate to each other.Innovation involves some players and set rules. The two make up the rules of the game; they can therefore influence the conditions and space of the innovation.If anything happens that is capable of dislocating the framework and the rules of the game, it leads to a discontionus innovation. It is a shift in the basic conditions (technology, market, regulatory social etc.) when some innovation conditions are discontinued.[slideshare id=32726472doc=themythofinnovation-samsungexperiencedays25032014-140325144001-phpapp01w=710h=400]Triggers of innovation discontinuity and the problems associated with themDrastic shift in new political rules which influence the social and economic rules cripples old and established companies. This is because they are not able to adapt to new ways of doing business. In such i nstances, new businesses thrive as they quickly align their innovation plans with the new rules.Markets evolve through market segmentation and growth. In contrast, there are times when new markets arise. These markets pose a challenge because they cannot be analyzed, predicted, or explored. Due to their unpredictability, established markets ignore them as small and they fail to see their potential.Unthinkable events take over an industry, country, or even the world; it disrupts established markets. An example is in the case of political turmoil; businessmen cannot continue to operate in such situations. Everything is put on hold or destroyed.Shifts in regulatory regime lead to new opportunities in the market. Only the companies that see the potential are able to enjoy the opportunities.The behavior or opinion of people can bring a shift in innovation model. For example, since canned soda was innovated, the market share of producers of returnable bottle has reduced.Innovation in busi ness models force existing businesses to adapt to new rules of game or their market share reduces. An example is in the case of mobile money transfers. In countries where mobile money transfers are being used, the banks have had to think of ways of working together with mobile money transfer companies. Otherwise, if they do not work together, then banks will decrease in relevance.These forces that lead to discontinuity in innovation present new opportunities to new businesses. Besides, companies that are willing to adapt to the new ways of doing things increase their market share.To help you come up with an innovation, let me explain to you the steps of the innovation process. If you follow the steps carefully, then you will be able to come up with new ideas and to implement them successfully in the market.STEPS OF INNOVATION PROCESSStep 1. Idea GenerationThis is the first step in an innovation process. It is where you decide on the concept that you want to develop and come up with reasons why you want to improve the idea. It is important for you to involve your employees and customers. Involving many knowledgeable people will enable you to get a better understanding of the market.[slideshare id=29396894doc=15ideasonhowtogeneratenewideas-131220135105-phpapp01w=710h=400]Besides, it will give you an opportunity to look at the idea in different angles. At this stage also, experts will also provide many viable ideas. There are five places where you can draw ideas for your innovation:Customer innovationAs you work on an innovation, remember that you should have your customer in mind. Your customers should be the inspiration for all innovations. Hence, consider the feedback that they give to come up with an innovative idea.This is an important source because if you innovate something that does not meet the needs of the customer, then the innovation is likely to fall. You can get the feedback from the social media platforms, customer feedback forms, and your employee s can report to you what the customers say.Employee innovationYour employees relate with the customers so closely so they know their needs. Moreover, they also get first hand compliments, complains, and suggestions from the customers.When a customer wants a service or a product, they explain to your employees so they can keep tabs on what customers want. Besides, they are in a position to identify products that are irrelevant to the customer.When you innovate a product, your employees will be important so as to explain how a product is used to the customers. In contrast, if they do not feel as part of the innovation, they might disregard the product. As a result, they may never speak well of the product.Public innovationPublic innovation depends on information gathered from the public. The amount of feedback received through public innovation is a lot so you must have the required expertise and equipment to handle it. Public innovation produces helpful information but you have to be ready to sieve through the information to pick what is helpful.As you consider this model, make sure you do not use it before the others: it could probably be the last model that you employ. If you have the capacity to digest the information, you could use public innovation.Partner/supplier innovationYou can share your thoughts and opinions with your partners and suppliers. Opening up to them helps them improve on the goods and services they supply.A good example is wedding planners who outsource companies to provide flowers. The wedding company may have realized that the flowers wither after a short time and they look unattractive.By sharing this information with the flower company, they can brainstorm on ways to keep the flowers looking fresh for a longer time. This innovation helps your supplier and your business. On your side, you are able to supply high quality and more improved good and services.Competitor innovationThis is a very challenging but very efficient when it takes place. As a fact, competitors are very careful with the information they share but with a good strategy, you can learn a lot from your competitors.This can only happen when you admit that there are other competent people outside your company.However, it does not mean that your employees are not competent enough, they are competent, but listening from others can give you a different point of view concerning a matter.Step 2. Advocacy and ScreeningNot every idea that is generated is worth implementing, for that reason; you must screen all the ideas presented. When screening, ensure you measure the benefits and risks of each idea to determine its viability.Any idea that has a futuristic approach should be chosen for the next stage.Moreover, participants in this stage develop the idea to enhance it. If an idea is not considered ideal, make sure you communicate the reasons to the person who had suggested the idea.This is important especially if the person who shared the idea is an employe e so that you encourage them to suggest more ideas even if it is in the future. For a company that wants to instill an innovation culture, you should take three steps at this stage;Ensure the evaluation and screening process takes place in a transparent wayCreate a number of avenues for employees to receive feedback and advocacyAs an organization, you should understand that evaluating an innovative idea is a difficult assignmentStep 3. ExperimentationAt this stage, the idea is tested using a pilot test. The test takes place within a targeted market. As you test your product, remember you want to know if the customers will accept it, if the price is acceptable, and if they like the innovation. The aim is to test if the idea is ideal and suitable for the company at a particular time.Therefore, if an idea is too complex for the organization or it’s a premature idea, then it should not be implemented.   You should set aside premature ideas in your idea bank for a later date.Apple Comp any once set aside an idea until the company knew it was the right time to release it to the public. When the Mp3 player was introduced in the market, Apple held back the idea of an iPod. Apple released the iPod three years after the Mp3 had already hit the market. The iPod idea was premature for the market back then and would not have attracted as many customers as it did three years later.So, even if you realize that your idea has ben accepted in the market and the price is affordable, you might want to hold back until you are sure the time is right to release it in the market. It is only through the experimentation stage that you can get this information. So, do not assume your idea is beyond reproach to the extent that the market cannot reject it.However, note that experimentation can be a continuous process or a one-time activity. In some instances, the experimentation stage generates new ideas. You can generate new ideas from this stage by considering the feasibility of the or iginal idea and by analyzing the information from the results.Give the participating team enough time to experiment and analyze the results from the experimentation.  It is at this stage where you apply for intellectual rights protection. Step 4. CommercializationWhen you get to this stage, just know the product is ready for the market. The major work at this stage is to persuade your target audience that the innovation is good for them.To do this, explain how the innovation will be of use to them, when it will be used, and demonstrate the benefits of the innovation using the prototypes. Be very specific about the idea in regards to any information that could attract customers to your idea.Step 5. Diffusion and ImplementationDiffusion and implementation are two different stages: diffusion is where the company accepts the innovation and implementation is setting up everything that is needed to develop and utilize or produce the innovative idea.Knowledge brokers are used to diffuse t he idea in an organization. The knowledge brokers communicate the specification about the idea and its usability. This information helps your employees to understand the idea in a deeper way. After they understand it, then they implement the idea.Diffusion and implementation requires access to production files, logistics, and market routes amongst others. For the idea to succeed, work in collaboration with industries and businesses, get into partnership and subcontract management to ensure the innovation is fully implemented. The feedback that you receive at this stage can be used to come up with future ideas.Five factors have been identified to affect the extent and rate of diffusion of a new product in the market. They include relative advantage, complexity, observability, compatibility, and trial-ability.TriabilityTrialability is the ability of an innovation to be experimented on. Any innovation that can be experimented on alimited basis has low level of uncertainty to potential adopters.However, if the negative effects from experimentation are more than the positive effects, then the customers might not be quick to adopt the innovation.Consequently, if the customer cannot separate the desirable from the undesirable consequences of an innovation, the trialability might reduce the chances of adoption.Relative advantageWhen you release a new product or service to the market, your customers will compare it with the previous product or service. They will also compare it with other products or services provided by your competitors. You product will diffuse easily only if it compares well in the two scenarios. This is called relative advantage.The higher the relative advantage, the faster your product will be adopted. For your product to have a relative advantage, you must consider primary and secondary attributes that lead to diffusion of your innovation.Primary attributes include the size and cost of the product. In contrast, secondary attributes include compat ibility and relative advantage. In most cases, the primary attributes do not matter a lot and may remain the same for all adopters. However, secondary attributes vary from one adopter to the other.Therefore, to overcome the challenges posed by secondary attributes, use incentives to market your products. The incentives will increase the relative advantage while at the same time reducing cost of incompatibilities and subsidizing trials.ObservabilityThis is the measure of the results of an innovation. The more visible the results from an innovation are, the easier it is to adopt an innovation. A good example is treatment for acne. If you come up with a treatment that works within a short time without negative side effects, then it will be adopted very soon.This is because people will see the effectiveness of the medicine and seek to know what remedy the person who had acne has used. More and more people will be more open to use your treatment. Hence, your innovation will be adopted wi thin a short time.CompatibilityWhen talking about compatibility, it is how well the product is consistent with the existing needs, values and experience of potential adopters. Compatibility has two distinct aspects: values and norms, and existing skills and practices.How your innovation fits in with the procedures, equipment, performance and existing skills affect the adoption process. If your innovation is a technical innovation, the adopter may be faced with two kinds of costs; the cost of purchasing and using the innovation and the cost of buying it.So, if there is information about the innovation and there are trained personnel to use the innovation, then the cost will be reduced for the adopter. In that case they will be more receptive to acquire the innovation.When it comes to norms and values, the organization or the innovation or the two have to change to fit in to the existing norms and values. This reduces misalignment between the adopter and the innovation. If your innova tion is compatible, then it is easily adoptable.This is why it is important to carry out continued research and development during and after the innovation process. It ensures that your innovation remains compatible throughout its lifetime.ComplexityThis is how complicated an innovation is perceived to be. If it is difficult to use or understand, then adopters might stay away from it. Innovations that require customers to acquire new knowledge might take time to be adopted.If you are trying out something that requires new knowledge or skill, you need to be patient and make plans to provide the knowledge needed. Otherwise, you may get very disappointed with the innovation.Learn more about the diffusion of innovations. INNOVATION MODELSEvery person has a drive for innovation be it in small things or big ones. Therefore, we cannot assume that innovations are a modern day process. It began long ago but it is until 1960 that individuals started coming up with innovation models. So far th ere have been six models that have been relied on for innovations.Technology, research and development and market trends have contributed in the evolution of the models over time. We will look at the six models to see the processes that the models proposed an innovation process should take.We will also highlight the advantages of each model and the disadvantages. Note that the disadvantages led to the creation of new models to overcome the shortcomings of the old models. Let’s delve in.First generation model technology pushThe first generation model was developed by NASA in 1960 as a management tool. NASA referred to the process as the Phase-review-processes or the technology push. The process was broken down to help in systematizing the work and for controlling contractors and suppliers who were working on space projects.Since progress to the next stage relied on completion of the previous stage, the management held a meeting when a stage was completed. Their role was to determi ne whether the set objectives for the stage had been met. They also met to decide on the progress of the project. The processes were linear in nature and relied on engineering.Basically, the model assumes that technological advances from scientific discovery and research and development come before ‘pushed’ technological innovation through engineering, marketing, applied research, and manufacturing towards successful inventions or products as outputs.Advantages of the modelFirst, all the tasks were completed as one process had to be completed before moving on to the next one.Secondly, the model reduced technical uncertainties.Disadvantages of the modelThe fact that all activities within a given phase had to be completed before progressing created delays. This is because all other activities were put on hold until the management review for the particular stage was completed.Another disadvantage is that the marketing phase was left out; the model mainly dealt with the development stage of an idea.Second generation model market pullThe second generation models are similar to their predecessor except that, the model draws its innovation idea from the market place. The first generation model draws its idea from research and development and science which are different from the second model.Besides, they are both linear structures.Third generation model coupling methodThe second and first generation models had a number of limitations which the third generation model tries to overcome. Cooper is credited to have come up with the third generation models. The stage acknowledges that customer satisfaction, market trends and technology are all important in the innovation process. Cooper developed a standardized approach for development of projects.The model uses the stage gate approach in developing an innovation. Every stage has a purpose which must be completed before moving to the next stage. If one stage is reviewed negatively, then the team does not move on to the next stage. As a result, they continue working on the present stage until it is positively reviewed.According to the third generation model, an idea originates from creativity, customer feedback or basic research. Evaluation of the ideas takes place in the first gate. The evaluation is based on ‘should meet’ and ‘must meet’ criteria such as feasibility with company’s policies or strategic alignment. Besides, the stage is inexpensive and takes a short period of time.The gate assesses the innovative idea in terms of finances, market and technology.   Further, the second gate characterizes detailed investigations which results in a business plan. Therefore, the business plan acts as a basis for decision making about the idea.Consequently, if the idea is accepted, the process of developing the product begins in stage three. In addition, the team develops a marketing concept. Gate three produces a prototype of the product. The prototype is evaluated to make sure it meets th e specified standard stated in gate three. During the validation stage, customer field trials, in-house product tests, trial productions and tests markets take place.After the product is verified, then you can plan for market launch and production start-ups. The third generation model allows for not only linear processes but also parallel ones in order to speed up the process. The model also involves all processes from innovation to the launch of the idea.Advantages of the modelThe stage gate model is very efficient and it offers a standardized way of achieving an innovation.Consequently, the model relies on loops of feedback which make it more interactive and efficient.The processes involved are transparent and the teams involved share a common understanding. Therefore, there is communication within the team and with the top management. IBM, General Motors, Northern Telcoma, and 3M all use this model in all their innovations. The companies say that the model enables them to achieve success in their innovation processes.Disadvantages of the modelOn the contrary, the gates are rigorous in the first stages of concept and idea generation.Although the model is effective, it might be inappropriate when you anticipate radical innovations. Thus, in such a case, then a more flexible, learning-based approach is sufficient.The model leaves out post launch refinement, exploitation and optimization. Fourth generation interactive modelThe fourth generation model uses an interactive approach which is different from the linear approach which the previous models use. Furthermore, the model looks at the innovation process as a set of parallel activities across the organizational functions.However, the interactive models do not explain the innovation process. As a result, there has been an increase in:Strategic vertical relationships more so at the supplier interface.Horizontal strategic alliances and collaborative research and development consortia,Greater emphasis in cross f unctional and parallel integration development within firms. The purpose for the interaction and collaboration is so as to gain greater potential from real time information processing.Innovative SMEs creating external relationships with small and large firms.The Minnesota Innovation Research program is a good example of a fourth generation model. The model was developed in 1980 and is also known as the MIRP model.It has three distinct stages that firms follow to develop an innovative idea. There is the initiation period then the development period and finally, the implementation period. There are specific processes that take place during each stage of the process. However there are no boundaries between the periods. In fact, the characteristics between periods seem to overlap.Specifically, the development and implementation stage overlap. This is because, a number of innovation ideas develop when the innovation team interacts with the market.Disadvantage of the modelThe model does n ot include the adoption, continued improvement and introduction to the market place processes.Fifth generation model network modelThe fifth generation model is also known as the network model or a closed innovation model. The model was developed in the 1990’s. Closed innovation models explain the intricacy of the innovation process.Its main focus is the involvement of the external environment. Besides, the model also focuses on effective communication with the external environment. Since innovation relies on both external and internal networks, the model emphasizes on the need for establishing links between the two networks.Galanakis developed an innovation model which borrows a lot from the fifth generation model. His model uses the thinking approach which he refers to the ‘creative factory concept. ’The firm is at the center of the model.   Its position signifies its role in generating and promoting innovations in the nation, industrial sector and the market. Hence, the mod el relies on three main innovation processes:The first process involves creating knowledge from industrial or public research.Secondly, the product development process where the knowledge is transformed into a product.Thirdly, product success in the market. The success of the product is dependent upon the product’s functional competencies. Further, it also depends on the firm’s competency to produce high quality product at a reasonable price and to place it in the market adequately.Internal factors such as organizational structure and corporate strategy amongst other affect the process. Additionally, external factors like national infrastructure and regulations amongst others also affect the process.Sixth generation model  Open innovation modelThe open innovation model is also known as the sixth generation model. The model is a network model. It focuses on;Internal and external ideasExternal and internal paths to marketsOpen innovation model looks at how a combination of the tw o concepts can lead to technological advancements. Chesbrough came up with the team open innovation. Besides, the model presents less risks when innovation. Companies who use this model enjoy a large pool of ideas to start with. They then narrow down to the most ideal idea.[slideshare id=37046579doc=openinnovationonlytwothingstoremember-140716090218-phpapp02w=710h=400]TIPS FOR A SUCCESSFUL INNOVATION PROCESSWhile the innovation process has many desirable benefits for companies seeking to remain above the rest, successfully integrating innovation into the business and reaping the benefits is no easy task.However, you will find listed below tips on how to make the innovation process work for you and your company.Create an innovation management space: This would mean putting in place systems and structures that would not only support innovation but also evaluate the innovation process. As such, it would translate to creating the space functionality by setting aside time and resources f or innovation. Where the company is large and too rigid in operation to diversify, a separate department that focuses entirely on innovation is set up.Sharing the idea: To foster an innovation culture, you must take the initiative to communicate the idea to the rest of the employees. The innovation process will only be realized once everyone is aware of what they are expected to bring to the table, and they, in turn, share similar goals and objectives as the management.Removing the red tape: Some company policies stifle innovation and progress. It is therefore of paramount importance that you identify these and remove them to enhance efficiency. More specifically, any bottlenecks in the flow of feedback between the management and employees should be dealt with and replaced with more open-door policies.Creative thinking: Innovation always starts with thinking against the norm challenging the existing rules and set systems. This is the wheelhouse for most start-up companies as they t end to be dynamic and versatile since they’re faced with a myriad of challenges. It is however more challenging for larger corporations that have well established and proven systems. Both types of entities must nurture this vital component in their operations, the former as a means for survival, and the latter to ensure they remain relevant.Teamwork: Cohesion and concerted efforts towards innovation will ensure the process takes place with fewer hiccups. Ensure that the leadership and the rest of the staff work together in order to move the company forward. It is also critical that the potential of each of the employees is known so as to ensure their strengths and weaknesses are pitted against those of their teammates to bring about efficiency and maximum production.Leading from the front: The leader must set an example for the rest of the team to follow. Once he or she works creatively and is innovative, it will be easy to motivate the rest to do the same.Hold people responsible: You will also need to task people to be innovative and once you do so, ensure that they follow through and have the freedom and power to implement their ideas. This will encourage the staff in their work as they can see the results of their efforts.Ample working conditions: Employees whose welfare is well catered for are more likely to be creative and more motivated to work. Therefore, it is crucial that they are not overworked and their workplace is comfortable.Rewarding performance: Employee’s efforts at innovation and creativity should not go unnoticed and unrewarded. Those who prove themselves to be an asset to the company should be given more responsibility and rewarded accordingly.Encourage collaboration: Due to the diversity often found in the workplace, the company can take advantage of this by teaming up people with certain skills sets and personalities and even have teams competing in bringing in new ideas.CONCLUSIONAn innovation culture is a strategy towards becoming a market leader. A company that has an innovation culture enjoys larger profit margins and is an authority in its area of industry. Though there are risks involved with the innovation process, the benefits are more. You should ensure you keep a close contact with the trends in the market to avoid creating a product that will be rejected.Again, involve all stakeholders in the innovation process; they all have different knowledge and experience that will positively influence the process. The success of any innovation is when the product or service is accepted in the market.

Rhetorical Analysis Essay - 848 Words

January 13th 2012 AP English Rhetorical Analysis Essay #3 Final Draft Every individual has traditions passed down from their ancestors. This is important because it influences how families share their historical background to preserve certain values to teach succeeding generation. N. Scott Momaday has Native American roots inspiring him to write about his indigenous history and Maxine Hong Kingston, a first-generation Chinese American who was inspired by the struggles of her emigrant family. Kingston and Momaday manipulate language by using, metaphors, similes, and a unique style of writing to reflect on oral traditions. The purpose of Kingston’s passage is to reflect upon her ancestor’s mistake to establish her values as an American†¦show more content†¦Finally, the files of people who walked in a zigzag direction across their land, represents how they ruined and destroyed their crops and livestock during the raid. This quotation represents how Kingston used the occasion of when they disturbed her ancestor’s home to kill her aunt as an example of one of her aunt’s mistake. She uses this mistake as a reminder of the establishment of her good morals in America. Despite that both passages use the same rhetorical devices, they establish their purposes using a different style of writing and a different tone. Momaday’s tone was convivial while Kingston’s tone was more stern yet entertaining. Momaday’s style of writing was archival because he spoke often of his grandmother while Kingston style of writing was collective because she spoke of her Chinese village to explain how everyone conformed in the same way. The author’s different styles of writing attract different audiences. Momaday uses a historical approach to storytelling while Kingston uses a personal and social approach. Both authors engage their readers by using metaphors, similes, and an individual style of writing. Yet they use these rhetorical devices to make different points and to draw different conclusions from the past. Ultimately, these rhetorical devices convey the oral traditions in each passage that provide the history of different culturalShow Mor eRelatedRhetorical Analysis Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesDevi Thapa LLD 100A October 22, 2017 Rhetorical Analysis of Social and Personality Development in Childhood article http://nobaproject.com/modules/social-and-personality-development-in-childhood Introduction Rhetorical analysis is important because it breaks down the writing into parts and then explains how different each parts work together effectively in relation to the topic, audience and purpose. In this rhetorical analysis assignment, I analyzed Ross Thompson’s 2017 article, â€Å"SocialRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Essay896 Words   |  4 PagesChris Porter ENG 105-14 January 29, 2012 Rhetorical Analysis Spandex is No Good! 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