Essay on Winter Solstice - 1411 Words

Winter Solstice The elemental threads woven into the tapestry of traditions we call the Winter Solstice are light, hope, and charity. In the midst of the winter darkness, we beseech the light to return to us with its warmth and fertility, we maintain hope for a healthy and prosperous life, and we share with others, those blessings that we have so graciously been given through kind and thoughtful acts of charity. Dancing through five thousand years of human history, these themes enfold this season in a rich, layered collage of celebrations, folklore and tradition. The mythological creation story recorded in the Pentateuch of the Judeo-Christian Scripture begins that imagery of light: When the Spirit of Life began to create the heavens†¦show more content†¦But what causes the seasons is something completely different from that change of distance. The variety of seasons is caused by the Earth,s slight leaning on its axis (23 degrees and 27 minutes off the perpendicular to the plane of orbit). Winter Solstice occurs when our hemisphere is leaning farthest away from the sun, putting the sun at the lowest arc in the sky and providing the shortest amount of daylight for the year. This planetary pose is what causes all the variety of our climate and all the drama and poetry which flows through the celebrations of our seasons. The mythologies of this event gave an explanation to our ancestors and, probably more important, gave the event meaning, a meaning we are anxiously attempting to recover today. The celebrations of the Winter Solstice are universal and perhaps much older than we can know. At the root of these ceremonies was an ancient fear that the dying light would never return unless humans intervened with anxious vigil and antic celebrations. Going as far back as the Neolithic peoples, their lives were intimately tied to the seasons and the cycle of harvest. Being attuned to the turning skies, these first farmers had the skill to recognize a celestial event like the solstice and celebrate it with fertility rites, fire festivals, offerings and prayers to their gods and goddesses. Tombs, temples, sacred observatories and other megalithic structures of ancient culturesShow MoreRelatedThe Winter Solstice And Northern Hemisphere1268 Words   |  6 PagesSouthern Hemisphere. I say this because it may be summer in America but winter in Australia. But it can also change the weather if you think about it because during the different seasons the temperature changes. For example where we live it gets really hot over one-hundred Fahrenheit. But in the winter time it usually stays over Thirty-Five Fahrenheit. But that s because of the Summer Solstice. The Summer Solstice is one of the biggest parts of one of our seasons. The season I m talkingRead More Death in Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Essay679 Words   |  3 Pagesevening, but on the darkest evening of the year, the winter solstice (474). The winter solstice is the day marking the beginning of winter, when the sun is the sky for the shortest time, and the night is longest. Night, with its darkness and shadows, is a classic symbol of death. On the winter solstice, Death can be considered his strongest, for his time, the night, is the longest it will ever be during the year. Everything about the winter solstice heralds death; the long night strengthens the powerRead MoreA Look At Discrimination Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesNaturally, you do not wish to offend them by a public display of Christmas, so you decide to rename the upcoming Christmas holiday period. Which name do you choose from the following suggestions by the town council: Winter Holidays, Frosted Fantasies, Mistletoe Magical Moments, Winter Solstice Celebration, Kwanzaa, Snow Season, Jolly Jingle Bell Time, Ramadan? You are a professional TSA airport screener. The airport is on alert and your boss has told you to do a complete search on every fifth passengerRead More2.0 INTERPRETATION â€Å"Stopping by woods on a snowy evening† is a poem that were written by Robert1000 Words   |  4 Pagesdarkest evening of the year’. The snow and dark represent something negative. Winter is the season where the westerns don’t really favor it much. This shows that the speaker acts out of norm because he likes what other don’t usually like. The darkest evening of the year could be December 22 which is the longest night of the year. In this day, the night is unusually longer than any other days, it is called winter solstice. Or probably the speakr just want to exaggerate expression by saying it is theRead MoreVideo Family Assessment : Winter Solstice Essay816 Words   |  4 Pages Video Family Assessment: Winter Solstice Sade Thompson University of Southern California, Rossier School of Education Introduction Emotionally Focused Family Therapy (EFFT) was developed by Dr. Susan Johnson and Dr. Leslie Greenberg in the 1980s’. EFFT is a structured, short-term approach to couples, family, and individual therapy. Emotionally Focused Family Therapy tries to shift the emotional and cognitive balance by highlighting the key role of the knowledge of adaptive emotionRead MoreEssay about Stopping by the woods on a snowy Evening847 Words   |  4 Pages Also, the speaker makes it seem like the owner should be here with him, watching the scene of his woods in the snow. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the next four lines, the speaker goes on to express the isolation of the woods and on the winter solstice, or â€Å"the darkest evening of the year†. The speaker lays the responsibility of saying that it is strange to be her on his little horse who â€Å"must think it queer†. The speaker is in isolation in the growing dark, yet he stops and stays in the lonelyRead MoreThe Discovery Of The World s Oldest Secret Observatory1653 Words   |  7 PagesStonehenge, Great Britain - I have no doubt in my mind that you ve heard of Stonehenge, the prehistoric monument in England. It s made of large stone blocks that were probably set up as a kind of an astronomical calendar. Sunrise on the summer solstice was the most important time, when the Sun would have shone through the monument. In the past century or so, Stonehenge has been vied for the title of world s oldest observatory with construction beginning around 2,000 to 3,000 B.C. No one is quiteRead MoreThe Reason For The Change1190 Words   |  5 Pagesearth’s axis. It is not because of the earth’s distance from the sun like many people think. In the northern hemisphere, during winter, we are closer to the sun which is opposite of what most people assume. While the northern hemisphere is experiencing summer, the southern hemisphere is experiencing winter and vice versa. The sun is actually closer to the earth during the winter and farther away during the summer. Rotation is when something turns with a circular movement around a central point. RevolutionRead MoreLinking Lab 1 Astr1012457 Words   |  10 Pagesdegrees | Summer Solstice | June 21 | 6 H | 23.5 degrees | Autumnal Equinox | September 23 | 12 H | 0 degrees | Winter Solstice | December 21 | 18 H | -23.5 degrees | Question 10: Write out a description of the ecliptic on the flat sky map. What does the shape look like? Describe the ecliptic in terms of its average and range of declination values. The ecliptic will reach its maximum during the Summer Solstice and its minimum Read MoreSeason and Axis Angle2012 Words   |  9 Pages Student Exploration: Seasons: Why do we have them? Vocabulary: direct sunlight, Earth’s axis, equator, indirect sunlight, northern hemisphere, North Pole, season, solstice, southern hemisphere, South Pole, summer solstice, winter solstice Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. At what time of day is sunlight strongest – in the early morning (when the Sun has just risen) or at noon (when the Sun reaches its highest point)? At noon when the Sun reaches its highest point

Electricity †A Secondary Energy Source Free Essays

string(24) " cancel out each other\." A Secondary Source The Science of Electricity How Electricity is Generated/Made The Transformer – Moving Electricity Measuring Electricity energy calculator links page recent statistics A SECONDARY SOURCE Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge. It is a secondary energy source which means that we get it from the conversion of other sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources, which are called primary sources. The energy sources we use to make electricity can be renewable or non-renewable, but electricity itself is neither renewable or non-renewable. We will write a custom essay sample on Electricity – A Secondary Energy Source or any similar topic only for you Order Now Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of energy. Many cities and towns were built alongside waterfalls (a primary source of mechanical energy) that turned water wheels to perform work. Before electricity generation began over 100 years ago, houses were lit with kerosene lamps, food was cooled in iceboxes, and rooms were warmed by wood-burning or coal-burning stoves. Beginning with Benjamin Franklin’s experiment with a kite one stormy night in Philadelphia, the principles of electricity gradually became understood. Thomas Edison helped change everyone’s life — he perfected his invention — the electric light bulb. Prior to 1879, direct current (DC) electricity had been used in arc lights for outdoor lighting. In the late-1800s, Nikola Tesla pioneered the generation, transmission, and use of alternating current (AC) electricity, which can be transmitted over much greater distances than direct current. Tesla’s inventions used electricity to bring indoor lighting to our homes and to power industrial machines. Despite its great importance in our daily lives, most of us rarely stop to think what life would be like without electricity. Yet like air and water, we tend to take electricity for granted. Everyday, we use electricity to do many jobs for us — from lighting and heating/cooling our homes, to powering our televisions and computers. Electricity is a controllable and convenient form of energy used in the applications of heat, light and power. THE SCIENCE OF ELECTRICITY developed by the National Energy Education Development Project In order to understand how electric charge moves from one atom to another, we need to know something about atoms. Everything in the universe is made of atoms—every star, every tree, every animal. The human body is made of atoms. Air and water are, too. Atoms are the building blocks of the universe. Atoms are so small that millions of them would fit on the head of a pin. Atoms are made of even smaller particles. The center of an atom is called the nucleus. It is made of particles called protons and neutrons. The protons and neutrons are very small, but electrons are much, much smaller. Electrons spin around the nucleus in shells a great distance from the nucleus. If the nucleus were the size of a tennis ball, the atom would be the size of the Empire State Building. Atoms are mostly empty space. If you could see an atom, it would look a little like a tiny center of balls surrounded by giant invisible bubbles (or shells). The electrons would be on the surface of the bubbles, constantly spinning and moving to stay as far away from each other as possible. Electrons are held in their shells by an electrical force. The protons and electrons of an atom are attracted to each other. They both carry an electrical charge. An electrical charge is a force within the particle. Protons have a positive charge (+) and electrons have a negative charge (-). The positive charge of the protons is equal to the negative charge of the electrons. Opposite charges attract each other. When an atom is in balance, it has an equal number of protons and electrons. The neutrons carry no charge and their number can vary. The number of protons in an atom determines the kind of atom, or element, it is. An element is a substance in which all of the atoms are identical (the Periodic Table shows all the known elements). Every atom of hydrogen, for example, has one proton and one electron, with no neutrons. Every atom of carbon has six protons, six electrons, and six neutrons. The number of protons determines which element it is. Electrons usually remain a constant distance from the nucleus in precise shells. The shell closest to the nucleus can hold two electrons. The next shell can hold up to eight. The outer shells cans hold even more. Some atoms with many protons can have as many as seven shells with electrons in them. The electrons in the shells closest to the nucleus have a strong force of attraction to the protons. Sometimes, the electrons in the outermost shells do not. These electrons can be pushed out of their orbits. Applying a force can make them move from one atom to another. These moving electrons are electricity. STATIC ELECTRICITY Electricity has been moving in the world forever. Lightning is a form of electricity. It is electrons moving from one cloud to another or jumping from a cloud to the ground. Have you ever felt a shock when you touched an object after walking across a carpet? A stream of electrons jumped to you from that object. This is called static electricity. Have you ever made your hair stand straight up by rubbing a balloon on it? If so, you rubbed some electrons off the balloon. The electrons moved into your hair from the balloon. They tried to get far away from each other by moving to the ends of your hair. They pushed against each other and made your hair move—they repelled each other. Just as opposite charges attract each other, like charges repel each other. MAGNETS AND ELECTRICITY The spinning of the electrons around the nucleus of an atom creates a tiny magnetic field. Most objects are not magnetic because the atoms are arranged so that the electrons spin in different, random directions, and cancel out each other. You read "Electricity – A Secondary Energy Source" in category "Papers" Magnets are different; the molecules in magnets are arranged so that the electrons spin in the same direction. This arrangement of atoms creates two poles in a magnet, a Northseeking pole and a South-seeking pole. Bar Magnet A magnet is labeled with North (N) and South (S) poles. The magnetic force in a magnet flows from the North pole to the South pole. This creates a magnetic field around a magnet. Have you ever held two magnets close to each other? They don’t act like most objects. If you try to push the South poles together, they repel each other. Two North poles also repel each other. Turn one magnet around and the North (N) and the South (S) poles are attracted to each other. The magnets come together with a strong force. Just like protons and electrons, opposites attract. These special properties of magnets can be used to make electricity. Moving magnetic fields can pull and push electrons. Some metals, like copper have electrons that are loosely held. They can be pushed from their shells by moving magnets. Magnets and wire are used together in electric generators. BATTERIES PRODUCE ELECTRICITY A battery produces electricity using two different metals in a chemical solution. A chemical reaction between the metals and the chemicals frees more electrons in one metal than in the other. One end of the battery is attached to one of the metals; the other end is attached to the other metal. The end that frees more electrons develops a positive charge and the other end develops a negative charge. If a wire is attached from one end of the battery to the other, electrons flow through the wire to balance the electrical charge. A load is a device that does work or performs a job. If a load––such as a lightbulb––is placed along the wire, the electricity can do work as it flows through the wire. In the picture above, electrons flow from the negative end of the battery through the wire to the lightbulb. The electricity flows through the wire in the lightbulb and back to the battery. ELECTRICITY TRAVELS IN CIRCUITS Electricity travels in closed loops, or circuits (from the word circle). It must have a complete path before the electrons can move. If a circuit is open, the electrons cannot flow. When we flip on a light switch, we close a circuit. The electricity flows from the electric wire through the light and back into the wire. When we flip the switch off, we open the circuit. No electricity flows to the light. When we turn a light switch on, electricity flows through a tiny wire in the bulb. The wire gets very hot. It makes the gas in the bulb glow. When the bulb burns out, the tiny wire has broken. The path through the bulb is gone. When we turn on the TV, electricity flows through wires inside the set, producing pictures and sound. Sometimes electricity runs motors—in washers or mixers. Electricity does a lot of work for us. We use it many times each day. HOW ELECTRICITY IS GENERATED A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The process is based on the relationship between magnetism and electricity. In 1831, Faraday discovered that when a magnet is moved inside a coil of wire, electrical current flows in the wire. A typical generator at a power plant uses an electromagnet—a magnet produced by electricity—not a traditional magnet. The generator has a series of insulated coils of wire that form a stationary cylinder. This cylinder surrounds a rotary electromagnetic shaft. When the electromagnetic shaft rotates, it induces a small electric current in each section of the wire coil. Each section of the wire becomes a small, separate electric conductor. The small currents of individual sections are added together to form one large current. This current is the electric power that is transmitted from the power company to the consumer. An electric utility power station uses either a turbine, engine, water wheel, or other similar machine to drive an electric generator or a device that converts mechanical or chemical energy to generate electricity. Steam turbines, internalcombustion engines, gas combustion turbines, water turbines, and wind turbines are the most common methods to generate electricity. Most power plants are about 35 percent efficient. That means that for every 100 units of energy that go into a plant, only 35 units are converted to usable electrical energy. Most of the electricity in the United States is produced in steam turbines. A turbine converts the kinetic energy of a moving fluid (liquid or gas) to mechanical energy. Steam turbines have a series of blades mounted on a shaft against which steam is forced, thus rotating the shaft connected to the generator. In a fossil-fueled steam turbine, the fuel is burned in a furnace to heat water in a boiler to produce steam. Coal, petroleum (oil), and natural gas are burned in large furnaces to heat water to make steam that in turn pushes on the blades of a turbine. Did you know that most electricity generated in the United State comes from burning coal? In 2007, nearly half (48. 5%) of the country’s 4. 1 trillion kilowatthours of electricity used coal as its source of energy. Natural gas, in addition to being burned to heat water for steam, can also be burned to produce hot combustion gases that pass directly through a turbine, spinning the blades of the turbine to generate electricity. Gas turbines are commonly used when electricity utility usage is in high demand. In 2007, 21. 6% of the nation’s electricity was fueled by natural gas. Petroleum can also be used to make steam to turn a turbine. Residual fuel oil, a product refined from crude oil, is often the petroleum product used in electric plants that use petroleum to make steam. Petroleum was used to generate about two percent (2%) of all electricity generated in U. S. electricity plants in 2007. Nuclear power is a method in which steam is produced by heating water through a process called nuclear fission. In a nuclear power plant, a reactor contains a core of nuclear fuel, primarily enriched uranium. When atoms of uranium fuel are hit by neutrons they fission (split), releasing heat and more neutrons. Under controlled conditions, these other neutrons can strike more uranium atoms, splitting more atoms, and so on. Thereby, continuous fission can take place, forming a chain reaction releasing heat. The heat is used to turn water into steam, that, in turn, spins a turbine that generates electricity. Nuclear power was used to generate 19. 4% of all the country’s electricity in 2007. Hydropower, the source for 5. % of U. S. electricity generation in 2007, is a process in which flowing water is used to spin a turbine connected to a generator. There are two basic types of hydroelectric systems that produce electricity. In the first system, flowing water accumulates in reservoirs created by the use of dams. The water falls through a pipe called a penstock and applies pressure against t he turbine blades to drive the generator to produce electricity. In the second system, called run-of-river, the force of the river current (rather than falling water) applies pressure to the turbine blades to produce electricity. Geothermal power comes from heat energy buried beneath the surface of the earth. In some areas of the country, enough heat rises close to the surface of the earth to heat underground water into steam, which can be tapped for use at steam-turbine plants. This energy source generated less than 1% of the electricity in the country in 2007. Solar power is derived from the energy of the sun. However, the sun’s energy is not available full-time and it is widely scattered. The processes used to produce electricity using the sun’s energy have historically been more expensive than using conventional fossil fuels. Photovoltaic conversion generates electric power directly from the light of the sun in a photovoltaic (solar) cell. Solar-thermal electric generators use the radiant energy from the sun to produce steam to drive turbines. In 2007, less than 1% of the nation’s electricity was based on solar power. Wind power is derived from the conversion of the energy contained in wind into electricity. Wind power, less than 1% of the nation’s electricity in 2007, is a rapidly growing source of electricity. A wind turbine is similar to a typical wind mill. Biomass includes wood, municipal solid waste (garbage), and agricultural waste, such as corn cobs and wheat straw. These are some other energy sources for producing electricity. These sources replace fossil fuels in the boiler. The combustion of wood and waste creates steam that is typically used in conventional steam-electric plants. Biomass accounts for about 1% of the electricity generated in the United States. THE TRANSFORMER – MOVING ELECTRICITY To solve the problem of sending electricity over long distances, William Stanley developed a device called a transformer. The transformer allowed electricity to be efficiently transmitted over long distances. This made it possible to supply electricity to homes and businesses located far from the electric generating plant. The electricity produced by a generator travels along cables to a transformer, which changes electricity from low voltage to high voltage. Electricity can be moved long distances more efficiently using high voltage. Transmission lines are used to carry the electricity to a substation. Substations have transformers that change the high voltage electricity into lower voltage electricity. From the substation, distribution lines carry the electricity to homes, offices and factories, which require low voltage electricity. MEASURING ELECTRICITY Electricity is measured in units of power called watts. It was named to honor James Watt, the inventor of the steam engine. One watt is a very small amount of power. It would require nearly 750 watts to equal one horsepower. A kilowatt represents 1,000 watts. A kilowatthour (kWh) is equal to the energy of 1,000 watts working for one hour. The amount of electricity a power plant generates or a customer uses over a period of time is measured in kilowatthours (kWh). Kilowatthours are determined by multiplying the number of kW’s required by the number of hours of use. For example, if you use a 40-watt light bulb 5 hours a day, you have used 200 watthours, or 0. 2 kilowatthours, of electrical energy. See our Energy Calculator section to learn more about converting units. Last Revised: May 2009 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2007, August 2008 . The National Energy Education Development Project, Intermediate Energy Infobook, 2007. How to cite Electricity – A Secondary Energy Source, Papers

Strategy and Management Methodology and Design

Question: Discuss about the Strategy and Management for Methodology and Design. Answer: Business Research Topic The research title/topic for this research study is to explore the role of accounting software in maintaining the financial efficiency and accuracy of the banks and financial institutes: in the context of the Australia banking industry. Today, many kinds of accounting software such as, Reckon, MYOB Xero and others software are used by the financial institutions and banking firms to maintain the financial efficiency and accuracy of their financial or business activities. This business research would analyze different kinds of accounting software used by the banks and financial institutes in Australia to maintain their financial and business operations efficiency and accuracy. In this research, Australian banking industry will be targeted through selected banks and financial institutes those using accounting software to provide e-banking and e-commerce services to the customers. This research study will be beneficial for banks and financial institutes to improve their banking services by offering online, secure, time efficient, offering an innovative and seamless experience of customers. Literature Review According to Duncan Elliott (2004), in the past decade, after the development of e-commerce and internet banking, security related accounting issues and other accuracy related problems are faced by the banks and financial organizations. So, in order to avoid such issues, Australian banks and financial institutions are using accounting software to improve the financial efficiency and accuracy of the financial activities. For case, such organizations use the accounting software like Xero for supplying financial services (Xero Limited, 2014). Al-Hawari Ward (2006) stated that, in the Australia banking industry, different kinds of accounting software such as MYOB, Xero, Reckon, and others are utilized by the banks and financial institutes to maintain their bank accounts, credit or debit cards transactions, and feed frequency that helped them in maintaining the financial efficiency and accuracy of the financial or business activities. In addition, different financial organizations in the Australia are using MYOB (Australias leading accounting software) that provides transactions option of the customers directly feed into MYOBs cloud accounting software as well as BankLink Practice (Chowdhury, 2016). The entire transaction process occurs online, secure, time efficient, offering an innovative and seamless client experience as well as maintain the financial efficiency and transactions accuracy for the banks and financial institutions. The research questions help the researchers to identify research problems or opportunity related to research topic. The following are the main research questions that indicated the problem and opportunity exist in this research study that would help the researcher to accomplish the research objectives: Why the most of the banks and financial institutes uses accounting software in the Australia? What are the advantages or benefits of using computerized accounting software for the banks and financial organizations? How the computerized accounting software improves banks feeds time and financial efficiency of the banks and financial institutes? What are the ways used to improve accuracy and efficiency of the financial services? Research Methodologies and Techniques This research methodology section describes different methods, approaches, tools and techniques in order to complete a research study with proper justification of selection. This selected research problem is solved by applying the qualitative and quantitative research design such as by collecting the primary and secondary data or information regarding the research topic (Mackey and Gass, 2015). The primary data is collected through conducting questionnaire survey on employees and managers of banks and financial institutes and secondary data collects through conducting literature review. Research Process Description A research is conducted by using systematic process that helps the researcher to gather multitude of information, so that they can reach the conclusion by accomplishing research objectives. The following are the main steps of this research process: Step first: Identify the problem: The first step of business research process is identifying a business problem and that will be solved by researcher through collecting the multitude of information. The researcher is also develops research questions in this step to identify problem or opportunity (Jonker and Pennink, 2010). Step second: Literature review: In this step, the researcher collects the secondary data or information by collecting information about the different views of authors or scholars. This step plays a key role in developing the foundational knowledge about the problem area, so the researcher can be able to reach realistic outcome or conclusion of the study (Flick, 2015). In addition, the researcher finds several articles and information from the scholars, books or published sources, banks official sites or annual reports, and other authentic online sites. Step third: Clarify the problem, clearly define concepts or methods and define population: After the literature has been reviewed, the researcher will clarify the research problem and narrowing the scope of the research project. This section clearly defines the research methods, approaches, designs and data collection methods used by the researcher to fulfill the aims and objectives of the study. In this way, it provides direction to the researcher to complete the research study with accomplish the aim and objectives (Bergh and Ketchen, 2009). Step fourth: Data collection and analysis: This section of the research mainly focus on collecting and analyzing the data or information by using primary and secondary sources to identify the solution of this research problem. Data Collection Data Analysis The data or information would be collected by using primary and secondary methods such as a mixed of qualitative and quantitative research design methods in this study. Moreover, Random sampling is used to select the employees and managers of banks and financial institutes in order to collect their views on accounting software role in maintaining the financial efficiency and accuracy of business. Moreover, limited amount of data would be collected; therefore the statistics data analysis techniques would not applied in this research (Silverman, 2016). Description of Expected Research Outcomes: The expected outcomes pointed that accounting software improve banks feeds and provide secure and safe financial services to the customers that helps banks or financial organizations to maintain their accuracy or efficiency. Accounting software links the banks and financial institutes with their all branches, employees and customers that enhance transparency, efficiency and accuracy of financial transaction and financial services (Al-Hawari and Ward, 2006). References Al-Hawari, M. and Ward, T. (2006). The effect of automated service quality on Australian banks' financial performance and the mediating role of customer satisfaction. Marketing Intelligence Planning, 24(2), pp. 127-147. Bergh, D. and Ketchen, D. (2009). Research Methodology in Strategy and Management. United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing. Chowdhury, S. (2016). MYOB partners with American Express to deliver an accounting software industry first. Available At: https://www.myob.com/au/blog/myob-partners-with-american-express-to-deliver-an-accounting-software-industry-first/ {Accessed On: 08 Sept 2016}. Duncan, E. and Elliott, G. (2004). Efficiency, customer service and financial performance among Australian financial institutions. International Journal of bank marketing, 22(5), pp. 319-342. Flick, U. (2015). Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. USA: Sage. Jonker, B. and Pennink, B. (2010). The Essence of Research Methodology: A Concise Guide for Master and PhD Students in Management Science. Germany: Springer. Mackey, A. and Gass, S. M. (2015). Second language research: Methodology and design. UK: Routledge. Silverman, D. (2016). Qualitative research. USA: Sage. Xero Limited. (2014). Australian banks and financial institutions supplying direct feeds to Xero. Available At: https://help.xero.com/DirectFeeds-AU{Accessed On: 08 Sept 2016}.